Local Species at Risk: Atlantic Whitefish
By Anna Jessop, NSEN Journalism Volunteer
Atlantic Whitefish
Scientific Name: Coregonus huntsmani
Status: Endangered
About
The Atlantic Whitefish is an endangered migratory fish found only in Nova Scotia. This species, which is a member of the Salmonidae family used to be anadromous; meaning populations travelled between freshwater and saltwater, journeying upstream to freshwater during breeding seasons and venturing into coastal estuaries to feed on marine worms, periwinkles and amphipods at other times of the year. However, currently, this species is only found in three landlocked lakes in the Petite Rivière watershed (Millipsigate, Minamkeak and Hebb), and therefore these populations reside in freshwater full time, feeding alternatively on small fish, and invertebrates. The Atlantic Whitefish in these lakes are perilously unstable, sightings of adult individuals are rare and inconsistent, leading to concern amongst scientists about the survival of the species. Previously this species was also found in the Tusket River but these populations have not been confirmed since 1964 (nor the conjoined Annis River since 1982) and are officially considered to be extirpated.
Harvesting, acidification, non-native predators, and habitat changes are all thought to have had an impact on the decline of the Atlantic Whitefish populations. Notably, the introduction of Smallmouth Bass and Chain Pickerel has created stress within the ecosystem due to the highly competitive nature of these non-native predators. While the construction of numerous dams in the Petite Rivière watershed and Tusket River has created barriers of passage and restricted the traditional lifecycle of the species, further compromising the success of the population.
Species Recovery Plan
The Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry has implemented a recovery plan for this unique and geographically limited species. The Nova Scotia Endangered Species Act requires that the Minister of Natural Resources prepares a recovery plan for any species listed as endangered within a year of listing and a threatened species within two years of listing. The broad goal of the Recovery Plan for Atlantic Whitefish is to create conditions that will allow for the population to recover naturally. The specific targets of the recovery plan are to achieve a stable population of more than 1,275 adult individuals in existing habitats, expand the species beyond its current geographical boundaries and recover the anadromous form (the transient lifecycle between fresh and saltwater). The plan boasts four strategic approaches,
Conserve the species and its habitat
Through addressing survival threats and minimizing species and habitat harm.
Increase the number and survival of populations
Support the development of populations outside of the current range and enable the current population to become anadromous.
Increase species knowledge
Conduct further research and assessments to address threats, risks and potential for new habitats.
Increase public knowledge and involvement
Promote local stewardship engagement and foster public support for recovery actions.
The recovery plan indicates that with appropriate action it is likely that recovery of the population is feasible. Though a timeline for a stable and recovered population is not known.
Related Local Research & Action
Clean Annapolis River Project- Aquatic Invasive Species
The Clean Annapolis River Project is undertaking an Aquatic Invasive Species project to increase public awareness of non-native species that are threatening local vulnerable species including the Atlantic Whitefish. Their project focuses on spreading awareness, creating opportunities for community members to get involved and developing an aquatic habitat connectivity planning tool. Find out more about this project here!
Coastal Action- Atlantic Whitefish Recovery Project
The Atlantic Whitefish Recovery Project by Coastal Action seeks to assist with the stabilization of the Atlantic Whitefish population while improving public awareness of the species. The project scope a recently expanded to include the capture of larval fish with the intention of building a breeding program in the future. Learn more about this project here!
Saint Mary’s University- Dynamic Environmental & Ecosystem Health Research (DEEHR) Lab
The DEEHR lab is currently conducting research examining Chain Pickerel and their impact on vulnerable species across Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Research is ongoing, click here to check for updates!